Online Course Link. Top Ten Home Energy Tips. Home Energy Tips for Renters. Air to Air Heat Exchangers. The Energy Information Agency describes the history of ethanol. Ethanol also was used as a lighting fuel in the s, but its use curtailed when it was taxed as liquor to help pay for the Civil War. Log in. More information. Supplementary notes. Other statistics on the topic.
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The most common ethanol production processes today use yeast to ferment the starch and sugars in corn, sugar cane, and sugar beets. Corn is the main feedstock for fuel ethanol in the United States because of its abundance and relatively low price historically.
The starch in corn kernels is fermented into sugar, which is then fermented into alcohol. Sugar cane and sugar beets are the most common feedstocks used to make fuel ethanol in other parts of the world. Because alcohol is made by fermenting sugar, sugar crops are the easiest ingredients to convert into alcohol. Brazil, the world's second-largest fuel ethanol producer after the United States, makes most of its fuel ethanol from sugar cane.
Most of the cars in Brazil can run on pure ethanol or on a blend of gasoline and ethanol. Ethanol can also be produced by breaking down cellulose in plant fibers. This cellulosic ethanol is considered an advanced biofuel and involves a more complicated and costly production process than fermentation.
However, there are large potential non-food crop sources of cellulosic feedstocks. Trees, grasses, and agricultural residues are potential feedstocks for cellulosic ethanol production. Trees and grasses require less energy, fertilizers, and water to grow than grains do, and they can also be grown on lands that are not suitable for growing food crops.
Scientists have developed fast-growing trees that grow to full size in 10 years. Many grasses can produce two harvests a year for many years without annual replanting. Despite the technical potential for cellulosic ethanol production, economical production has been difficult to achieve and only relatively small amounts of cellulosic fuel ethanol have been produced United States.
In the s, ethanol was a major lighting fuel. During the Civil War, a liquor tax was placed on ethanol to raise money for the war. The tax increased the price of ethanol so much that it could no longer compete with other fuels such as kerosene. Ethanol production declined sharply because of this tax, and production levels did not begin to recover until the tax was repealed in According to the U.
The United States consumed nearly Ethanol, gasoline blendstock, and additives are delivered separately to fuel terminals where they are blended into fuel trucks for delivery to stations.
Delivering ethanol by pipeline is the most efficient option, but ethanol's affinity for water and solvent properties require the use of a dedicated pipeline or significant cleanup of existing pipelines to convert them into dedicated pipelines. Kinder Morgan ships batches of ethanol through its Central Florida Pipeline. More Ethanol Publications All Publications.
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